110 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
110 lines
5.9 KiB
HTML
<html devsite>
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<head>
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<title>Content License</title>
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<meta name="project_path" value="/_project.yaml" />
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<meta name="book_path" value="/_book.yaml" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<!--
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Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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-->
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<p>The Android Open Source Project uses a few
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<a href="http://www.opensource.org/">open source initiative</a>
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approved open source licenses for our software.</p>
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<h2 id="android-open-source-project-license">Android Open Source Project License</h2>
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<p>The preferred license for the Android Open Source Project is the
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<a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache
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Software License, Version 2.0</a> ("Apache 2.0"),
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and the majority of the Android software is licensed
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with Apache 2.0. While the project will strive to adhere to the preferred
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license, there may be exceptions that will be handled on a case-by-case
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basis. For example, the Linux kernel patches are under the GPLv2 license with
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system exceptions, which can be found on <a href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/COPYING">kernel.org</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="contributor-license-grants">Contributor License Agreements</h2>
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<p>All <em>individual</em> contributors (that is, contributors making contributions
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only on their own behalf) of ideas, code, or documentation to the Android Open
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Source Project will be required to complete, sign, and submit an <a
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href="https://cla.developers.google.com/about/google-individual">Individual
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Contributor License Agreement</a>. The agreement can be executed online through the
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<a href="https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/settings/agreements">code review tool</a>.
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The agreement clearly defines the terms under which intellectual
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property has been contributed to the Android Open Source Project. This license
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is for your protection as a contributor as well as the protection of the
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project; it does not change your rights to use your own contributions for any
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other purpose.</p>
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<p>For a <em>corporation</em> (or other entity) that has assigned employees to
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work on the Android Open Source Project, a <a
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href="https://cla.developers.google.com/about/google-corporate">Corporate
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Contributor License Agreement</a> is available.
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This version of the agreement allows a
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corporation to authorize contributions submitted by its designated employees
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and to grant copyright and patent licenses. Note that a Corporate Contributor
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License Agreement does not remove the need for any developer to sign their own
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Individual Contributor License Agreement as an individual. The individual
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agreement is needed to cover any of their contributions that are <em>not</em>
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owned by the corporation signing the Corporate Contributor License Agreement.</p>
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<p>Please note we based our agreements on the ones the
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<a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache Software Foundation</a> uses, which can
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be found on the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/">Apache web site</a>.</p>
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<h2 id="why-apache-software-license">Why Apache Software License?</h2>
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<p>We are sometimes asked why Apache Software License 2.0 is the preferred
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license for Android. For userspace (that is, non-kernel) software, we do in
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fact prefer ASL2.0 (and similar licenses like BSD, MIT, etc.) over other
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licenses such as LGPL.</p>
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<p>Android is about freedom and choice. The purpose of Android is promote
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openness in the mobile world, and we don't believe it's possible to predict or
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dictate all the uses to which people will want to put our software. So, while
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we encourage everyone to make devices that are open and modifiable, we don't
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believe it is our place to force them to do so. Using LGPL libraries would
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often force them to do just that.</p>
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<p>Here are some of our specific concerns:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>
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<p>LGPL (in simplified terms) requires either: shipping of source to the
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application; a written offer for source; or linking the LGPL-ed library
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dynamically and allowing users to manually upgrade or replace the library.
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Since Android software is typically shipped in the form of a static system
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image, complying with these requirements ends up restricting OEMs' designs.
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(For instance, it's difficult for a user to replace a library on read-only
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flash storage.)</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>LGPL requires allowance of customer modification and reverse
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engineering for debugging those modifications. Most device makers do
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not want to have to be bound by these terms. So to minimize the burden on
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these companies, we minimize usage of LGPL software in userspace.</li></p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>Historically, LGPL libraries have been the source of a large number
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of compliance problems for downstream device makers and application
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developers. Educating engineers on these issues is difficult and slow-going,
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unfortunately. It's critical to Android's success that it be as easy as
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possible for device makers to comply with the licenses. Given the
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difficulties with complying with LGPL in the past, it is most prudent to
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simply not use LGPL libraries if we can avoid it.</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>The issues discussed above are our reasons for preferring ASL2.0 for
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our own code. They aren't criticisms of LGPL or other licenses. We are
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passionate about this topic, even to the point where we've gone out of our
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way to make sure as much code as possible is ASL2.0 licensed. However, we love all free
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and open source licenses, and respect others' opinions and preferences. We've
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simply decided ASL2.0 is the right license for our goals.</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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