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<html devsite><head>
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<title>编译内核</title>
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<meta name="project_path" value="/_project.yaml"/>
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<meta name="book_path" value="/_book.yaml"/>
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</head>
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<body>
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<!--
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Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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-->
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<p>本页详细介绍了如何仅编译内核。以下说明假设您尚未下载整个 AOSP；如果您已完成下载，则可以跳过 <code>git clone</code> 对应的步骤，但下载内核源代码的步骤除外。</p>
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<p>本部分中的所有示例均使用 <a href="/source/devices.html#hikey-boards">hikey</a> 内核。</p>
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<h2 id="figuring-out-which-kernel-to-build">选择内核</h2>
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<p>此表列出了内核源代码和二进制文件的名称及所在位置：<table>
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<tbody><tr>
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<th>设备</th>
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<th>二进制文件所在的位置</th>
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<th>源代码所在的位置</th>
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<th>编译配置</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>marlin</td>
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<td>device/google/marlin-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>marlin_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>sailfish</td>
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<td>device/google/marlin-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>marlin_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>hikey</td>
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<td>device/linaro/hikey-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/hikey-linaro</td>
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<td>hikey_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>angler</td>
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<td>device/huawei/angler-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>angler_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>bullhead</td>
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<td>device/lge/bullhead-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>bullhead_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>shamu</td>
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<td>device/moto/shamu-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>shamu_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>fugu</td>
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<td>device/asus/fugu-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/x86_64</td>
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<td>fugu_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>volantis</td>
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<td>device/htc/flounder-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>flounder_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>hammerhead</td>
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<td>device/lge/hammerhead-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>hammerhead_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>flo</td>
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<td>device/asus/flo-kernel/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>flo_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>deb</td>
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<td>device/asus/flo-kernel/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>flo_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>manta</td>
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<td>device/samsung/manta/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/exynos</td>
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<td>manta_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>mako</td>
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<td>device/lge/mako-kernel/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>mako_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>grouper</td>
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<td>device/asus/grouper/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>tegra3_android_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>tilapia</td>
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<td>device/asus/grouper/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>tegra3_android_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>maguro</td>
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<td>device/samsung/tuna/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/omap</td>
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<td>tuna_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>toro</td>
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<td>device/samsung/tuna/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/omap</td>
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<td>tuna_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>panda</td>
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<td>device/ti/panda/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/omap</td>
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<td>panda_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>stingray</td>
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<td>device/moto/wingray/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>stingray_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>wingray</td>
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<td>device/moto/wingray/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>stingray_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>crespo</td>
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<td>device/samsung/crespo/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/samsung</td>
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<td>herring_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>crespo4g</td>
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<td>device/samsung/crespo/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/samsung</td>
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<td>herring_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody></table>
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</p><p>确定要使用的设备项目之后，请查看内核二进制文件的 Git 日志。设备项目采用 <code>device/<vendor>/<name></code> 形式。</p>
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<pre><code>$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/hikey-linaro
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$ cd hikey-linaro
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$ git log --max-count=1 kernel
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</code></pre>
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<p>内核二进制文件的提交消息中包含用于编译二进制文件的内核源代码的部分 Git 日志。该日志中的第一个条目是最新内容（也即用于编译内核的条目）。请记下提交消息，因为您在后续步骤中会用得到该消息。</p>
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<h2 id="id-version">确定内核版本</h2>
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<p>要确定系统映像中使用的内核版本，请对内核文件运行以下命令：</p>
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<pre><code>$ dd if=kernel bs=1 skip=$(LC_ALL=C grep -a -b -o $'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' kernel | cut -d ':' -f 1) | zgrep -a 'Linux version'
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</code></pre>
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<p>对于 Nexus 5 (hammerhead)，请运行以下命令：</p>
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<pre><code>$ dd if=zImage-dtb bs=1 skip=$(LC_ALL=C od -Ad -x -w2 zImage-dtb | grep 8b1f | cut -d ' ' -f1 | head -1) | zgrep -a 'Linux version'
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</code></pre>
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<h2 id="downloading-sources">下载源代码</h2>
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<p>使用适当的 <code>git clone</code> 命令为您要编译的内核下载源代码：</p>
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<pre><code>$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common.git
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$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/hikey-linaro
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$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/x86_64.git
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$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/exynos.git
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$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/goldfish.git
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$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm.git
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$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/omap.git
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$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/samsung.git
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$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/tegra.git
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</code></pre>
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<ul>
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<li><code>goldfish</code> 项目包含适用于所模拟的平台的内核源代码。</li>
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<li><code>msm</code> 项目包含适用于 ADP1、ADP2、Nexus One、Nexus 4、Nexus 5、Nexus 6、Nexus 5X、Nexus 6P、Nexus 7 (2013)、Pixel 和 Pixel XL 的源代码，可用作使用 Qualcomm MSM 芯片组的起点。</li>
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<li><code>omap</code> 项目用于 PandaBoard 和 Galaxy Nexus，可用作使用 TI OMAP 芯片组的起点。</li>
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<li><code>samsung</code> 项目用于 Nexus S，可用作使用 Samsung Hummingbird 芯片组的起点。</li>
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<li><code>tegra</code> 项目用于 Xoom、Nexus 7 (2012)、Nexus 9，可用作使用 NVIDIA Tegra 芯片组的起点。</li>
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<li><code>exynos</code> 项目包含适用于 Nexus 10 的内核源代码，可用作使用 Samsung Exynos 芯片组的起点。</li>
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<li><code>x86_64</code> 项目包含适用于 Nexus Player 的内核源代码，可用作使用 Intel x86_64 芯片组的起点。</li>
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<li><code>hikey-linaro</code> 项目用于 HiKey 参考板，可用作使用 HiSilicon 620 芯片组的起点。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="downloading-a-prebuilt-gcc">下载预编译 gcc</h2>
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<p>确保预编译工具链位于您的以下路径中：</p>
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<pre>$ export PATH=$(pwd)/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.6/bin:$PATH</pre>
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<p>或</p>
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<pre>$ export PATH=$(pwd)/prebuilts/gcc/darwin-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.6/bin:$PATH</pre>
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<p>在 Linux 主机上，如果您没有 Android 源代码树，则可以从以下路径下载预编译工具链：</p><pre>$ git clone https://android.googlesource.com/platform/prebuilts/gcc/linux-x86/arm/arm-eabi-4.6</pre>
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<h2 id="building">编译内核</h2>
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<p>当您了解了内核的最后一条提交消息并已成功下载内核源代码和预编译的 gcc 后，就可以编译内核了。以下编译命令使用了 hikey 内核：</p>
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<pre><code>$ export ARCH=arm64
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$ export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-android-
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$ cd hikey-linaro
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$ git checkout -b android-hikey-linaro-4.1 origin/android-hikey-linaro-4.1
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$ make hikey_defconfig
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$ make
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</code></pre>
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<p>要编译不同的内核，只需将 <code>hikey-linaro</code> 替换为您要编译的内核的名称即可。</p>
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<p>映像会输出到 <code>arch/arm64/boot/Image</code> 目录；内核二进制文件会输出到 <code>arch/arm64/boot/dts/hisilicon/hi6220-hikey.dtb</code> 文件。请将 <code>Image</code> 目录和 <code>hi6220-hikey.dtb</code> 文件复制到 <code>hikey-kernel</code> 目录。</p>
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<p>或者，您可以在使用 <code>make bootimage</code>（或编译启动映像的任何其他 <code>make</code> 命令行）时添加 <code>TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL</code> 变量。所有设备均支持该变量，因为它是通过 <code>device/common/populate-new-device.sh</code> 进行设置的。例如：</p>
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<pre><code>$ export TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL=$your_kernel_path/arch/arm/boot/zImage-dtb
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</code></pre>
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<p class="note"><strong>注意</strong>：内核名称因设备而异。要找到内核的正确文件名，请参阅内核源代码中的 <code>device/<vendor>/<name></code>。</p>
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</body></html> |