upload android base code part8
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android/docs/source.android.com/en/source/building-kernels.html
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android/docs/source.android.com/en/source/building-kernels.html
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<html devsite>
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<head>
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<title>Building Kernels</title>
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<meta name="project_path" value="/_project.yaml" />
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<meta name="book_path" value="/_book.yaml" />
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</head>
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<body>
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<!--
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Copyright 2017 The Android Open Source Project
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Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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You may obtain a copy of the License at
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http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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limitations under the License.
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-->
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<p>This page details how to build only the kernel. The following instructions
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assume you have not downloaded all of AOSP; if you have already done so, you can
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skip the <code>git clone</code> steps except the step that downloads the kernel
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sources.</p>
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<p>All examples in this section use the
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<a href="/source/devices.html#hikey-boards">hikey</a> kernel.</p>
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<h2 id="figuring-out-which-kernel-to-build">Selecting a kernel</h2>
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<p>This table lists the name and locations of the kernel sources and binaries:
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<table>
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<tr>
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<th>Device</th>
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<th>Binary location</th>
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<th>Source location</th>
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<th>Build configuration</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>marlin</td>
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<td>device/google/marlin-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>marlin_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>sailfish</td>
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<td>device/google/marlin-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>marlin_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>hikey</td>
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<td>device/linaro/hikey-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/hikey-linaro</td>
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<td>hikey_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>angler</td>
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<td>device/huawei/angler-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>angler_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>bullhead</td>
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<td>device/lge/bullhead-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>bullhead_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>shamu</td>
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<td>device/moto/shamu-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>shamu_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>fugu</td>
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<td>device/asus/fugu-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/x86_64</td>
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<td>fugu_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>volantis</td>
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<td>device/htc/flounder-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>flounder_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>hammerhead</td>
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<td>device/lge/hammerhead-kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>hammerhead_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>flo</td>
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<td>device/asus/flo-kernel/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>flo_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>deb</td>
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<td>device/asus/flo-kernel/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>flo_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>manta</td>
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<td>device/samsung/manta/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/exynos</td>
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<td>manta_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>mako</td>
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<td>device/lge/mako-kernel/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/msm</td>
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<td>mako_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>grouper</td>
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<td>device/asus/grouper/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>tegra3_android_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>tilapia</td>
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<td>device/asus/grouper/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>tegra3_android_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>maguro</td>
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<td>device/samsung/tuna/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/omap</td>
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<td>tuna_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>toro</td>
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<td>device/samsung/tuna/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/omap</td>
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<td>tuna_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>panda</td>
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<td>device/ti/panda/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/omap</td>
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<td>panda_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>stingray</td>
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<td>device/moto/wingray/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>stingray_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>wingray</td>
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<td>device/moto/wingray/kernel </td>
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<td>kernel/tegra</td>
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<td>stingray_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>crespo</td>
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<td>device/samsung/crespo/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/samsung</td>
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<td>herring_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td>crespo4g</td>
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<td>device/samsung/crespo/kernel</td>
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<td>kernel/samsung</td>
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<td>herring_defconfig</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<p>After determining the device project you want to work with, view the git log
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for the kernel binary. Device projects use the form
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<code>device/<var>VENDOR</var>/<var>NAME</var></code>.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy">
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<code class="devsite-terminal">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/hikey-linaro</code>
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<code class="devsite-terminal">cd hikey-linaro</code>
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<code class="devsite-terminal">git log --max-count=1 kernel</code>
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</pre>
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<p>The commit message for the kernel binary contains a partial git log of the
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kernel sources used to build the binary. The first entry in the log is the most
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recent (the one used to build the kernel). Make a note of the commit message
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as you will need it in a later step.</p>
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<h2 id="id-version">Identifying kernel version</h2>
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<p>To determine the kernel version used in a system image, run the following
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command against the kernel file:</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">
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dd if=kernel bs=1 skip=$(LC_ALL=C grep -a -b -o $'\x1f\x8b\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' kernel | cut -d ':' -f 1) | zgrep -a 'Linux version'
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</pre>
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<p>For Nexus 5 (hammerhead), the command is:</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">
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dd if=zImage-dtb bs=1 skip=$(LC_ALL=C od -Ad -x -w2 zImage-dtb | grep 8b1f | cut -d ' ' -f1 | head -1) | zgrep -a 'Linux version'
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</pre>
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<h2 id="downloading-sources">Downloading sources</h2>
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<p>Download the source for the kernel you want to build using the appropriate
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<code>git clone</code> command. For example, the following command clones the <code>common</code> kernel, a generic, customizable kernel:</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">
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git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common
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</pre>
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<p>A full list of the kernel projects can be found in the <a href="https://android.googlesource.com/kernel">Kernel</a> directory. Below are some of the commonly used kernels and their respective <code>git clone</code> commands.</p>
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<p>The <code>exynos</code> project has the kernel sources for Nexus 10, and can be used as a starting point for work on Samsung Exynos chipsets.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/exynos</pre>
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<p>The <code>goldfish</code> project contains the kernel sources for the emulated platforms.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/goldfish</pre>
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<p>The <code>hikey-linaro</code> project is used for HiKey reference boards, and can be used as a starting point for work on HiSilicon 620 chipsets.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/hikey-linaro</pre>
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<p>The <code>msm</code> project has the sources for ADP1, ADP2, Nexus One, Nexus 4, Nexus 5, Nexus 6, Nexus 5X, Nexus 6P, Nexus 7 (2013), Pixel, and Pixel XL, and can be used as a starting point for work on Qualcomm MSM chipsets.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm</pre>
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<p>The <code>omap</code> project is used for PandaBoard and Galaxy Nexus, and can be used as a starting point for work on TI OMAP chipsets.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/omap</pre>
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<p>The <code>samsung</code> project is used for Nexus S, and can be used as a starting point for work on Samsung Hummingbird chipsets.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/samsung</pre>
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<p>The <code>tegra</code> project is for Xoom, Nexus 7 (2012), Nexus 9, and can be used as a starting point for work on NVIDIA Tegra chipsets.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/tegra</pre>
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<p>The <code>x86_64</code> project has the kernel sources for Nexus Player, and can be used as a starting point for work on Intel x86_64 chipsets.</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">git clone https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/x86_64</pre>
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<h2 id="building">Building the kernel</h2>
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<p>When you know the last commit message for a kernel and have successfully
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downloaded the kernel source and prebuilt gcc, you are ready to build the
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kernel. The following build commands use the hikey kernel:</p>
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<pre class="devsite-click-to-copy">
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<code class="devsite-terminal">export ARCH=arm64</code>
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<code class="devsite-terminal">export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-android-</code>
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<code class="devsite-terminal">cd hikey-linaro</code>
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<code class="devsite-terminal">git checkout -b android-hikey-linaro-4.1 origin/android-hikey-linaro-4.1</code>
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<code class="devsite-terminal">make hikey_defconfig</code>
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<code class="devsite-terminal">make</code>
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</pre>
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<p>To build a different kernel, simply replace <code>hikey-linaro</code> with
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the name of the kernel you want to build.</p>
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<p>The image outputs to the <code>arch/arm64/boot/Image</code> directory; the
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kernel binary outputs to the
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<code>arch/arm64/boot/dts/hisilicon/hi6220-hikey.dtb</code> fle. Copy the
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<code>Image</code> directory and the <code>hi6220-hikey.dtb</code> file to the
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<code>hikey-kernel</code> directory.</p>
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<p>Alternatively, you can include the <code>TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL</code>
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variable while using <code>make bootimage</code> (or any other <code>make</code>
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command line that builds a boot image). This variable is supported by all
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devices as it is set up via <code>device/common/populate-new-device.sh</code>.
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For example:</p>
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<pre class="devsite-terminal devsite-click-to-copy">
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export TARGET_PREBUILT_KERNEL=$your_kernel_path/arch/arm/boot/zImage-dtb
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</pre>
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<p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Kernel names differ by device. To locate
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the correct filename for your kernel, refer to
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<code>device/<var>VENDOR</var>/<var>NAME</var></code> in the kernel source.</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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